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IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine

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Human–Robot Interaction: Successes, Hurdles, and Remaining Challenges [Opinion]

December 15, 2025 by Aude Billard, Alin Albu-Schaeffer, Rachid Alami, Tamim Asfour, Gordon Cheng, Serena Ivaldi, Christophe Leroux, Danica Kragic, Astrid Rosenthal-von der Pütten, Nicola Nosengo, Chiara Sabelli

The past decades have seen an increasing number of robots deployed in the vicinity of humans, from vacuum cleaners roaming our living rooms and drones flying overhead to prostheses attached to our bodies. Today, global efforts are focused on designing the next generation of robots, which will be deployed and function in close proximity to or directly interact with lay users. We are no longer in the realm of factory robots used by well-trained practitioners. It is, hence, not conceivable that these robots can be programmed without a deep understanding of the social, ethical, and cultural rules that underpin human environments.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11297902

For the open access PDF link of this article please click here.

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As the flagship magazine of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine (RAM) covers the latest developments in robotics and automation. Its scope ranges from cutting-edge technological advances to emerging social, economic, ethical, and policy issues shaping the field.  Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December), RAM features both high-impact original research articles written in an engaging and accessible style, as well as reviews, columns and opinion pieces addressing a wide range of timely topics.

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IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine  publishes four issues per year: March, June, September and December.